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Explaining escrow

By Liz Keuler

March 2024

The first time you’ll likely encounter the word “escrow” is during the process of buying a house. As with any new concept, you may wonder what escrow really is and how it will affect you. Wonder no more; this quick explainer will leave you an escrow expert.

What is escrow?

Readynesters love vocab that sounds like a bird! But escrow is simply a financial instrument where a third party holds money or property on behalf of other parties engaged in a financial transaction. When that financial transaction is getting a mortgage to buy a house, you’ll probably hear about escrow 2 times during the process.

Escrow account for your earnest money

The first time you’ll hear about escrow is probably when you put down earnest money to show you’re sincere in your intent to buy a specific home. Your earnest money, sometimes also called a good faith deposit, will sit in an escrow account maintained by a third party. If your loan successfully closes and you buy the house, those funds will be put toward your down payment.

If, for some reason, the transaction falls through, the funds will be released to the party entitled to the funds according to the original agreement. In most cases, if the seller backs out, the money goes back to you, and if you back out for reasons other than those allowed by your agreement, the money will go to the seller.

Escrow account for taxes and insurance

The second time you’ll hear about escrow is when it comes to your monthly mortgage payment. In addition to principal and interest, your mortgage payment includes amounts for property taxes, homeowners insurance and mortgage insurance (if applicable).

Your mortgage lender or servicer will collect those funds in an escrow account and then pay out your taxes and insurance when they are due. If not for this escrow fund, you would have to budget for these large annual expenses yourself. 

Your property taxes will likely change at least slightly from year to year. Each year, your lender or servicer will review your escrow account to make sure they’re collecting the right amount from you to cover taxes and insurance and will adjust the amount for next year if needed. 

So, that’s escrow in a nutshell! Feeling confident you understand the process of buying a home and all that pesky vocabulary that goes with it? Take our homebuyer readiness quiz to assess your own knowledge.

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Liz Keuler is the editor of Readynest. She spent a decade meandering through radio, nonprofits and the corporate world before convincing MGIC to hire her based on her staunch grammatical convictions. She lives in a charming 100-year-old bungalow on Milwaukee’s East Side. Her interests include old Ernst Lubitsch films, new action movies, 60s girl pop, Regency romance novels, word games, sewing and shallots.
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